下面是小编为大家整理的东南亚后疫情时代经济复苏绿色金融策略：地球和人绿色复苏,供大家参考。
Contents
F igur es
and
Bo x es
v
F or e w or d
vi
K e y
M essages
fr om
P eer
R e vie w er s
vii
About
the
A uthor s
ix
A ckno wledgments
x
Abbr e via tions
xi
1
The
C O VID - 19
I mpact:
Conte xt
and
S ynopsis
1
2
A
Gr een
R ec o v ery :
Criticality
and
Challeng es
5
A. The
F our
Criticalities
7
. 1. J ob
Cr eation
Criticality
7
. 2. N atur al
Capital
Criticality
8
. 3. Climate
Change
Criticality
9 . 4. Catalytic
Capital
Criticality
11
B. Sizing
the Gr een
F inanc e
Mark et
13
C. Gr een
F r amew orks
f or
Global
Gr een
F inanc e
1 5
3
Gr een
R ec o v ery
P ack ag es
and
F inanc e
M echanisms:
Examples
17
A. Gr een
R ec ov ery
P ackages
18
B. Capital
Mark ets
I nstruments
26 . 1. Gr een
and
S ustainability
Bonds
26 . 2. T r ansition
Bonds:
Bro wn
to
Gr een
27
C. Gr een
F inanc e
Catalytic
Mechanisms:
De-risking
P r ojects
28
. 1. Shandong
Gr een
Dev elopment
F und,
P eople ’ s
R epublic
o f
China
28
. 2. Climate
F inanc e
F acility ,
Dev elopment
Bank
o f
South
A frica
29 . 3. ASEAN
Catalytic
Gr een
F inanc e
F acility
30
. 4. SDG
I ndonesia
O ne
-
Gr een
F inanc e
F acility
30
. 5. Gr een
P ublic
P riv ate
P artnerships,
Cambodia
Solar
P o w er
P r oject
31
. 6. B lending
F inanc e
thr ough
Domestic
F inancial
I nstitutions,
Clean
Ener gy
F inanc e
31
I n v estment
P r o gr amme,
I ndia
. 7. Cr edit Enhanc ed
Climate
Bond,
T iwi and
Makban
Geothermal
P r oject,
Philippines
32
Contents
4
Gr een
F inanc e
Conc epts
to
S timula te
P os t- C O VID - 19
R ec o v ery
33
A. Gov ernment
Catalytic
F unds
34 . 1. N ational
Gr een
F inanc e
Catalytic
F acilities:
De-risking
Mechanisms
34 . 2. Debt f or
N atur e
S w ap
F unds
36
B. Capital
Mark et I nstruments
37
. 1. C O VID - 19
R ec ov ery
T r ansition
Bonds
37
. 2. S ustainable
I mpact
Bonds
39
. 3. Gr een
Securitization
40
C. Specific
Thematic
Concepts
42
. 1. I nte gr ated
H ealth
and
S ustainable
I nfr astructur e
Clusters
42
. 2. Oc eans
F inancing
and
B lue
Cr edits
44
5
Seeking
S upport
fr om
ADB
and
the
A SEAN
Ca talytic
Gr een
F inanc e
F acility
46
6
Conclusion
48
B iblio gr aphy
50
F igur es
and
Bo xes
F igur es
1
Balancing
R elief ,
R ec o v ery ,
and
R ejuv ena tion
3
2
A
F ourf old
R a tionale
f or
Gr een
R ec o v ery
7
3
Challenges
in
A t tr acting
Capit al
t o
Gr een
I nfr astructur e
12
4 Gr o wth o f
the
Gr een
F inanc e
Mark et 14
5
Global
Gr een
Bond
and
L oan
I s suanc e
I ncr eases
2 6
6
ASEAN
Coun try I s suanc es ,
2019
2 7
7
Case
S tudy
o f
the
Shandong
Gr een
D ev elopmen t
F und,
2019
29
8 Case
S tudy
o f
the
Cambodia
Solar
P ark
P r oject,
2019
31
9
N a tional
Gr een
F inanc e
Ca t alytic
F acility
Schema tic
35
10
C O VID - 19
R ec o v ery
T r ansition
Bonds
As sur anc e
F und
S tructur e
38
11
F utur e
Flo w
Securitiza tion
41
12
H ealth
Car e
f or
W ell-Being
and
I nfr astructur e
Clust er s
42
13
ASEAN
S ust ainable
U rbanisa tion
S tr a t e gy
F r amew ork
43
14
I n v est or
O ppor tunities
in
the
S ust ainable
B lue
E c onom y
45
B oxe s
1
IMF
W arning
on
E c onomic
F allout
2
2
I nsigh ts
fr om
Oxf or d
Smith
School
o f
En t erprise
and
the
En vir onmen t
6
3
Emer ging
P olicy
S uggestions
f or
a
Gr een
R ec o v ery
20
4 F utur e
Flo w
Securitiza tion
f or
the
Airline
I ndustry— An I llustr a tion
41
F o re w o rd
Go v ernments
acr os s
Asia
ha v e
deplo y ed
a
signific an t
amoun t
o f
emer gency
c apit al
in
r esponse
t o
the c or onavirus
disease
( C O VID - 19)
pandemic,
with an
initial
f ocus
on
pr ot ecting
liv es
and
liv elihoods .
The
next st age
o f
the
crisis
will
r equir e
go v ernments
t o
pr epar e
long-t erm
r ec o v ery
and
stimulus
packages
t o
suppor t ec onomic
gr o wth and
employmen t
security .
These
plans
will
need
t o
c ar efully
f act or
in
existing
vulnerabilities
in
dev eloping
member
c oun tries ,
no w
fur ther exac erba t ed
b y
C O VID - 19
impacts .
Countries
in
dev eloping
Asia
w er e
alr eady
f acing
the
triple
thr ea ts
o f clima t e
change,
biodiv er sity
los s ,
and
declining
oc ean
health
bef or e
the
pandemic.
I n
man y
major
Asian
cities , air
pollution and
w a t er
sc ar city ar e
alr eady
highly
visible.
Coast al
popula tions ,
especially
along
Southeast Asia ’ s
long
c oastlines ,
ar e
incr easingly
vulner able
t o
sea
level
rise
and
incr easingly
fr equen t
typhoons .
The linkage
betw een
health
impacts ,
na tur al
disast er s ,
pandemics
such
as
C O VID - 19 ,
and
changes
in
the
clima t e, oc eans ,
and
f or ests
is
bec oming
mor e
eviden t.
An example
is
gr ea t er
human
incur sion
in t o
animal
habit a ts , cr ea ting
a
higher
risk
o f
animal
viruses
inf ecting
humans .
W ithin
this
c on t ext,
r ec o v ery
str a t e gies
must
not
r ev er se
past
gains
made
in
pr ot ecting
a
c oun try’ s
na tur al en vir onmen t
and
inadv er t en tly
end
up
suppor ting
a
gr o wth in
f os sil
fuel
or
c arbon-in t ensiv e
in vestmen ts leading
a w a y
fr om
the
P aris
Agr eemen t’ s
t ar get
tr ajectory .
Con v er sely ,
ther e
is
a
critic al
windo w
o f
oppor tunity t o
r eset
ho w
w e
orien t
our
ec onom y
and
build
back
bet t er .
The
member
st a t es
o f
the
As socia tion
o f
Southeast Asian
N a tions
( ASEAN),
f or
example,
ha v e
alr eady
set
a
t ar get
o f
gener a ting
23%
o f
their
primary
ener gy
fr om r enew able
sour c es
b y
20 25,
as
opposed
t o
a
9 .4%
shar e
in
2014
(and
curr en tly
estima t ed
a t
meeting
ar ound 15%
o f
demand ).
The
need
f or
lar ge
c apit al
flo w s
o f
financ e
t o
achiev e
such
t argets
whether
in
r enew able ener gy ,
na tur e -based
solutions ,
or
other
infr astructur e
sect or s ,
is
mor e
critic al
no w ,
as
these
c an
be
engines o f
sustainable
gr o wth pr o viding
socioec onomic
benefits .
S tr a t e gies
tha t
c a t alyz e
gr een
financ e
fr om
both public
and
priv a t e
sect or s
t o
r esilien t
pr ojects
tha t
cr ea t e
sustainable
jobs ,
should
be
the
c en t erpiec e
o f
post- C O VID - 19
ec onomic
r ec o v ery
pack
ages .
The
Asian
D ev elopmen t
Bank
( ADB) has
been
w orking
closely
with go v ernments
acr os s
Asia
and
the P acific
in
deplo ying
an
as sist anc e
package
o f
$20
billion
t o
help
c oun tries
c oun t er
the
sev er e
impact
o f
the C O VID - 19
pandemic
and
addr es s
the
ur gen t
needs
o f
the
sick,
the
poor ,
and
the
vulner able.
F or
Southeast Asian
c oun tries ,
ADB
has
pr o vided
direct
C O VID - 19
r ela t ed
as sist anc e
o f
$5.4
billion.
I n
par allel,
ADB
is
also suppor ting
pr ojects
such
as
the
Geodipa
Geothermal
P roject
in
I ndonesia
tha t
will
help
spur
r ec o v ery .
This
documen t
helps
t o
fur ther
iden tify
examples
o f
policies
and
gr een
financ e
mechanisms
tha t
c an
both cr o w d
in
much-needed
c apit al
fr om
acr os s
the
w orld,
as
well
as
bring
a
critic al
f ocus
on
the
sustainable use
o f
our
na tur al
r esour c es .
I
hope
some
o f
these
mechanisms
will
pr o vide
pr actic al
suppor t
t o w ar d
the dev elopmen t
o f
gr een
and
sustainable
r ec o v ery
plans
f or
the
r e gion.
Ahmed
M.
Saeed
Vic e
P r esiden t
f or
East
Asia,
Southeast
Asia
and
the
P acific Asian
D ev elopmen t
Bank
K e y
M essages
fr om
P eer
R e view er s
K oen
Doens,
D ir ector Gener al, I nterna tional
Cooper a tion
and
De v elopment (DEV C O ),
Eur opean Commis sion.
The
c or onavirus
disease
( C O VID - 19)
pandemic
has
shak en
the
w orld
t o
its
c or e,
t esting health- c ar e
and
w elf ar e
s y st ems ,
our
societies
and
ec onomies ,
and
our
w a y
o f
living
and
w orking
t o gether .
The Eur opean
U nion
(EU),
t o gether
with its
Member
S t a t es
and
Eur opean
D ev elopmen t
F inanc e
I nstitutions ,
as T eam
Europe,
ha v e
so
f ar
mobiliz ed
r ec o v ery
packages
o f
nearly
€36
billion
with the
objectiv e
o f
t ackling
and mitiga ting
the
health
and
socioec onomic
c onsequenc es
o f
the
C O VID - 19
pandemic.
T eam
Eur ope
pr omot es a
r ec o v ery
tha t
puts
us
all
on
a
sustainable
pa th,
allowing
us
t o
addr es s
the
risk
o f
gr o wing
inequalities
and clima t e
change,
while
embr acing
the
oppor tunities
o ff ered
b y
digit al
t echnolo gies .
W e
need
in t erna tional par tner ships
t o
build
a
green,
digit al,
r esilien t,
and
socially
just
r ec o v ery .
T o
r ealiz e
these
objectiv es ,
the
EU has
c alled
f or
a
global
r ec o v ery
initia tiv e
t o
build
back
bet t er .
O nly
if
w e
work
t o gether
will
w e
ha v e
a
chanc e
t o harnes s
those
driv er s
o f
change
and
turn them
in t o
oppor tunities
t o
emer ge
in
bet t er
shape.
Sharing
the
same v alues
and
objectiv es ,
the
EU
and
the
Asian
D ev elopmen t
Bank
( ADB) c an
not
only
as sist
the
c oun tries
o f the
r e gion
in
f acing
the
curr en t
health
and
ec onomic
challenges ,
but
also
c on tribut e
t o
enacting
the
r ec o v ery in
a
w a y
tha t
is
mor e
en vir onmen t ally
friendly
thr ough,
among
other s ,
the
pr omotion o f
sustainable
financ e. O ne
ex c ellen t
example
is
our
r ec en t
cooper a tion
with the
ASEAN
Ca t alytic
Gr een
F inanc e
F acility ,
a
project designed
b y
ADB
in
suppor t
o f
As socia tion
o f
Southeast
Asian
N a tions
( ASEAN)
member s’
clima t e
change and
en vir onmen t al
sust ainability
goals
with an
EU
c on tribution
o f
€50
million.
J or g ...